winslow homer cause of death
In the late 1860s, Homer turned to life in rural and coastal America for his subject matter. death spawn osrs. Winslow Homer was one of the most celebrated American painters of the 19th century. Highlighting a wide and representative range of Homers art, this feature traces his extraordinary career from the battlefields, farmland, and coastal villages of America to the North Sea fishing village of Cullercoats, the rocky coast of Maine, the Adirondacks, and the Caribbean, offering viewers the opportunity to experience and appreciate the breadth of his remarkable artistic achievement. Pigment that has become transparent over time reveals that Homer originally painted a more elaborate scythe that he later simplified, intensifying its association with death. Accidental deaths are also on the rise. Other well known Tilers were painters William Merritt Chase, Arthur Quartley, and the sculptor Augustus Saint Gaudens. His mother tried to raise family funds to send him to Europe for further study but instead Harper's sent Homer to the front lines of the American Civil War (18611865), where he sketched battle scenes and camp life, the quiet moments as well as the chaotic ones. 18008 Bothell Everett Hwy SE # F, Bothell, WA 98012. WILLIAMSTOWN, Mass. The cause of Winslow Homers death is not widely known. Homer's apprenticeship at the age of 19 to J. H. Bufford, a Boston commercial lithographer, was a formative but "treadmill experience". Winslow Homer at the Clark: a series of videos produced by the Sterling and Francine Clark Art Institute that explore the themes, contexts and techniques of Winslow Homer works in the Clark collection. We are closed on December 25 and January 1. [51] Robert Henri called Homer's work an "integrity of nature". A friend later recalled Homers attraction to inclement weather: [W]hen I knew him he was comparatively indifferent to the ordinary and peaceful aspects of the ocean.But when the lowering clouds gathered above the horizon, and tumultuous waves ran along the rockbound coast and up the shelving, precipitous rocks, his interest became intense., Winslow Homer, A Light on the Sea, 1897, oil on canvas, Corcoran Collection (Museum Purchase, Gallery Fund), 2014.79.48. Elizabeth Johns, Winslow Homer: The Nature of Observation (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2002). Though his interest in depicting natural light parallels that of the early impressionists, there is no evidence of direct influence as he was already a plein-air painter in America and had already evolved a personal style which was much closer to Manet than Monet. Winslow Homer, Eastman Johnson, Frederic Church, and Sanford Giffordfour of America's finest artists of the eraanchor the exhibition. [10] His quick success was mostly due to this strong understanding of graphic design and also to the adaptability of his designs to wood engraving. [31], In 1883, Homer moved to Prouts Neck, Maine (in Scarborough), and lived at his family's estate in the remodeled carriage house seventy-five feet from the ocean. They are works of High Art. His student and fellow illustrator, N. C. Wyeth (and through him Andrew Wyeth and Jamie Wyeth), shared the influence and appreciation, even following Homer to Maine for inspiration. Winslow Homer occupies a prized place in the pantheon of American artists, beloved for his bright watercolor landscapes and tempestuous seascapes, as well as his depictions of soldiers during the Civil War, portrayals of African-American laborers in Virginia during the Reconstruction era, and his early illustrations of everyday New England life for Harper's Weekly. 8th and G Streets NW Winslow Homer, The Coming Storm, 1901, watercolor over graphite on wove paper, Gift of Ruth K. Henschel in memory of her husband, Charles R. Henschel, 1975.92.3, Winslow Homer, Casting, Number Two, 1894, watercolor over graphite on wove paper, Gift of Ruth K. Henschel in memory of her husband, Charles R. Henschel, 1975.92.2. Later, when Winslow Homer spent the years between 1881 and 1882 in the village of Cullercoats, Tyne and Wear, his paintings depicting shores and coastal landscapes changed. [37] In the winters of 18845, Homer ventured to warmer locations in Florida, Cuba, and the Bahamas and did a series of watercolors as part of a commission for Century Magazine. I prefer every time a picture composed and painted outdoors. Right and Left,one of Homers last paintings, is at once a sporting picture and a tragic reflection on life and death. In 1883 Winslow Homer moved to the small coastal village of Prouts Neck, Maine, where he created a series of paintings of the sea unparalleled in American art. Homer spent several months during the summer and late fall of 1878 at Houghton Farm, the country residence of a patron in Mountainville, New York. Largely self-taught, Homer began his career working as a commercial illustrator. The savior in the painting summons courage and uses man-made . His most praised early painting, Learn more about our exhibitions, news, programs, and special offers. This depiction of the elemental forces of nature is an early indication of the artists primary pictorial concern in his later years. From the beginning, his technique was natural, fluid and confident, demonstrating his innate talent for a difficult medium. 24 February 1836. Homers early works, while mainly set outdoors, are almost all figure paintings. . (PDF). Until 1863, he attended classes at the National Academy of Design, and studied briefly with Frdric Rondel, who taught him the basics of painting. Once in the lake, thedeer would be clubbed, shot, or drowned easily by hunters in boats. Left: Winslow Homer, Warm Afternoon,1878, watercolor, gouache, and graphite on paper, Collection of Mr. and Mrs. Paul Mellon, 1994.59.24 Acute Lung Injury. He also became free of the responsibilities of caring for his father, who had died two years earlier. A man of multiple talents, Homer excelled equally in the arts of illustration, oil painting, and watercolor. Some of his greatest paintings were simply raw images of man against the mighty sea, and the mighty sea flexing its muscles. Taught to paint by his artist mother, Homer was apprenticed in 1855 to the Boston lithographer John Bufford, and by 1857 was freelancing as an illustrator to New York periodicals such as Harper's Weekly. [32] During the rest of the mid-1880s, Homer painted his monumental sea scenes. He was largely self-taught. After Winslow Homer, The Army of the Potomac - A Sharp-Shooter on Picket Duty, published 1862, wood engraving, Print Purchase Fund (Rosenwald Collection), 1958.3.18. Maritime painter, Eight Bells. Home; Services; New Patient Center. Homer was a man of his time, saw it clearly, and committed it to paint. On his twenty-first birthday, February 24, 1857, Homer declared his independence. Homer joined the American canon nearly as calmly as he entered the profession of art, despite being as intentional. Here is all you want to know, and more! Acute Disease. Homer's paintings often deal with the themes of death, loss . His work was part of the painting event in the art competition at the 1932 Summer Olympics. [35], At fifty years of age, Homer had become a "Yankee Robinson Crusoe, cloistered on his art island" and "a hermit with a brush". Almost all biographers of Homer agree that his trip to England was a turning point in his life, marking the transition from his optimistic younger years to his mature older years when he brought a new level of enthusiasm and purpose to his profession. National Portrait Gallery His work figured importantly in developing an American artistic sensibility at a time when European influences were the topic of much debate by artists and critics in the United States. The rough style of Winslow Homers last years was not a mistake; it was a characteristic of his work. [9] He wrote, "The women are the working bees. Homer generally preferred the blue skies and white clouds typical of the islands climate. Homer remarked, There were none like them in my country., Winslow Homer, Mending Nets, 1888, etching, Gift of John W. Beatty, Jr., 1964.4.9. The subject of this engraving is based on Homers first oil painting. Death, for Homer, is a single former Union soldier standing with his back to us, swinging a scythe against a field of wheat as tall and endless as the troops that fell at Antietam and the other . The etchingSaved,a powerful, highly classicized representation of heroic struggle, is based on Homers 1884 oil paintingThe Life Line. Eagle Head, Manchester, Massachusetts, 1870, The Bridle Path, 1868, oil painting (Clark Art Institute). Winslow Homer, Girl Carrying a Basket, 1882, watercolor over graphite on wove paper, Gift of Ruth K. Henschel in memory of her husband, Charles R. Henschel, 1975.92.4, Homers Cullercoats women have often been called heroic, and, although he may have idealized them somewhat, the stern facts of their lives clearly instilled in them great strength and courage. Enter or exit from Constitution Avenue or Madison Drive. Two years of apprenticeship were enough. [34] Some of these he repeated as etchings. Sculpture Garden Homer subsequently describes this time in his career as a treadmill existence. When he was finally done with his training in 1857, he vowed never to work for anybody else ever and opened his studio in Boston. All along our immense line of coast may be seen indications which awaken the hope that America will soon resume her former supremacy in building ships., Winslow Homer, A Sick Chicken, 1874, watercolor, gouache, and graphite on wove paper, Collection of Mr. and Mrs. Paul Mellon, 1994.59.21. Some of his most well-known compositions from this time frame may result from a solitary and peaceful lifestyle. Painter Homer was blown away by natures vast beauty and sought to convey that feeling through his brilliance and expressiveness of brushwork. [28] His palette became constrained and sober; his paintings larger, more ambitious, and more deliberately conceived and executed. For a short time, he designed tiles for fireplaces.[23]. Has the rifle hit its mark? If so, does the downward plunge of the bird on the right indicate that it has been hit, or is it diving to escape? He eliminated the wall and placed the figures near the sea, with a ship visible in the distance. The model was a local woman named Ida Meserve Harding, who had earlier posed for him. [13] He did not study formally but he practiced landscape painting while continuing to work for Harper's, depicting scenes of Parisian life. [18] His popular 1872 painting Snap the Whip was exhibited at the 1876 Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, as was one of his finest and most famous paintings Breezing Up (1876). Winslow Homer Born Feb. 24, 1836 Boston, Massachusetts Died Sep. 29, 1910 (at age 74) Prouts Neck, Maine Nationality American Education Lithography apprenticeship, 1855-56 National Academy of Design (painting), 1863 Paris, France (informal), 1867 Movement Realism Field Drawing Wood engraving Oil painting Watercolor painting Famous Paintings by Winslow Homer Snap the Whip The Gulf Stream Back at his studio, Homer would regain his strength and re-focus his artistic vision. Throughout Homers compositions, people were there, sometimes going about their daily lives and engaging in more exciting activities. Introduction. "Among his feats may be listed the best, least caricatural portraits of postbellum African Americans,". Memorial Art Gallery (1990). Throughout the 1870s, Homer continued painting mostly rural or idyllic scenes of farm life, children playing, and young adults courting, including Country School (1871) and The Morning Bell (1872). Continuously refining his artistic efforts, Homer created work that was not only powerful in aesthetic terms but also movingly profound. Winslow Homer in the National Gallery of Art, a 2005 exhibition brochure by Charles Brock. The work of Winslow Homer (1836-1910) appeals to many different kinds of people, for reasons as diverse as the kinds of art he produced during his long career. July 4, 2022 winslow homer cause of deathdispensary manager job descriptiondispensary manager job description In their own words: 'each death is attributed to a single underlying cause the cause that initiated the series of . Winslow Homer was America's first great post-God landscape painter. The Herring Net. The Life Linewas an immediate success, but Homers work held little commercial appeal. Winslow Homer, one of the most original American artistic talents of the nineteenth century, is famous for his Civil War and post-Civil War wood-engravings, which served the same purpose in periodicals such as Harper's Weekly that photographs do in journalism today. The remarkable confidence and freedom of his handling, with details convincingly suggested but not literally described, make the Key West watercolors some of his most vibrant. He . inexorable prospect of separation and loss, American Art, 17851926: Seven Artist Profiles. When that failed, Charles left his family and went to Europe to raise capital for other get-rich-quick schemes that did not pay off. Homer started painting with watercolors on a regular basis in 1873 during a summer stay in Gloucester, Massachusetts. [A] wondrous exhibition. Right: Winslow Homer, Girl with Hay Rake,1878, watercolor on paper, Gift of Ruth K. Henschel in memory of her husband, Charles R. Henschel,1975.92.17. His impact would be revolutionary. Homer joined the American canon nearly as calmly as he entered the profession of art, despite being as intentional. The watercolors Homer produced in Key West in 1903 focus on the graceful white sailing vessels that filled the harbor and plied the local waters. The fisherwomen of Cullercoats were a source of constant inspiration to Homer during his stay in England. From Winslow Homer's sea paintings to his scenes of the Civil War and Reconstruction, he has dealt with themes of life, death, and morality. Some critics found fault with Homers early watercolors for their apparent lack of finish and their commonplace subject matter, yet Homer valued them from the start. route 66 itinerary 3 weeks Only occasionally, as in the remarkableThe Coming Storm, did he portray ominous weather. There he created dozens of watercolors of farm girls and boys playing and pursuing various tasks, including Warm Afternoon. TheirPrivacy Policy & Terms of Useapply to your use of this service. He also worked extensively in watercolor, creating a fluid and prolific oeuvre, primarily chronicling his working vacations.[2][3]. The thing is done without your knowing it. [15], Near the beginning of his painting career, the 27-year-old Homer demonstrated a maturity of feeling, depth of perception, and mastery of technique which was immediately recognized. And consider the precarious position in which Homer has placed the viewer, observing the scene while apparently hovering in midair, at one with the threatened creaturesand directly in the path of the oncoming shotgun blast. Copyright 2023 /The Celebrity Deaths.com/All Rights Reserved. Neuro spine Super Speciality Clinic - Above Apollo Pharmacy, Bangarpet Circle, Kolar - Bangarpet Road, Kolar Town. Homer continued to paint for the next twenty years, vacationing summers in places such as the Adirondacks and the Bahamas to capture varied landscapes, until his death in 1910. The cause of Winslow Homer's death is not widely known. Winslow Homer is undoubtedly one of the foremost artists of the United States in the 19th century. [38] During this trip he painted Children Under a Palm Tree for Edith Blake, the wife of Henry Arthur Blake, the then-governor of The Bahamas. Glass Windows, Bahamas, ca. For a while, he even lived in secluded Eastern Point Lighthouse (with the keeper's family). Much of the work he did during his final years, were some of the most impressive water colors that he created during the course of . Homer spent the summer of 1873 in Gloucester, Massachusetts, where he painted this family of a fisherman awaiting his return. Winslow Homer was born on the 24th of February, 1836. He received national acclaim for these early works, both for the strength of his technique and the candor of his subjects. [36], In these years, Homer received emotional sustenance primarily from his mother, brother Charles, and sister-in-law Martha ("Mattie"). Popular literature of the period depicted the fisherwomen of the North Sea region as uninhibited beauties who exemplified morality and intellectual honesty, a fitting subject for a high and profound art based on contemporary life. Homer began painting visuals of rural American life in his own distinctive style, such as a sequence of pieces showing pics of rural school kids managed by youthful educators. Homer returned to the US and kept showing his artwork in New York, but he never settled there. These pieces solidified his reputation as an artist in New York, and he was invited to show at the 1866 Exposition Universelle in Paris. Acute Heart Failure. 6th St and Constitution Ave NW Learn about Winslow Homers exceptional career. [26], Boys in a Dory, 1873, Metropolitan Museum of Art, Homer spent two years (18811882) in the coastal village of Cullercoats, Northumberland. Sparrow Hall, one of a few finished oil paintings produced in Cullercoats, depicts women knitting or darning near the entrance to a 17th-century cottage, the oldest house in the village. Hi, My name is Berry Mathew. He moved to New York in 1859 and took evening classes at the National Academy of Design (until 1861), then . [4] Homer had a happy childhood, growing up mostly in then-rural Cambridge, Massachusetts. The freshness of his touch is evident in the brilliant light and delicate coloration ofThe Dinner Horn(Blowing the Horn at Seaside). His oil painting A Visit from the Old Mistress (1876) shows an encounter between a group of four freed slaves and their former mistress. A woman walks along a rocky shoreline, a fishing net with buoys slung over her shoulder. Winslow Homer was born in Boston, the second of three sons of Henrietta Benson, an amateur watercolorist, and Charles Savage Homer, a hardware importer. Homer considered the oil version ofHound and Huntera great work and described the pains he took in painting it: Did you notice the boys handsall sunburnt; the wrists somewhat sunburnt, but not as brown as his hands; and the bit of forearm where his sleeve is pulled back but not sunburnt at all? Birthplace: Boston, MA Location of death: Prout's Neck, ME Cause of death: unspecified Remains: Buried, Mount Auburn Cemetery, C. American painter, born in Boston, Massachusetts on the 24th of February 1836. Winslow Homer, Blackboard, 1877, watercolor on wove paper, Gift of Jo Ann and Julian Ganz, Jr., in Honor of the 50th Anniversary of the National Gallery of Art, 1990.60.1. The painter Winslow Homer died at the age of 74. Homer revisited the theme of two women mending fishing nets, seen in his 1882 watercolor, in this 1888 etching. -Warren Perry, Catalog of American Portraits, National Portrait Gallery. [47], In his last decade, he at times followed the advice he had given a student artist in 1907: "Leave rocks for your old agethey're easy."[48]. InShip-Building, Gloucester Harbor,he took elements from four different works, including two oil paintings, a drawing, and a watercolor, of four boys. "[27] His works from this period are almost exclusively watercolors. His entrance to the art world came at a time when American art was struggling for international recognition, and after a meteoric rise to success, Homer was both lauded as a heroic American painter, and attacked by critics who expected him to define a new era of national art. Winslow Homer was the second of three sons of Henrietta Benson and Charles Savage Homer. He declared the fishing in Homosassa, located off the Gulf of Mexico, the best in America. Many of the Homosassa watercolors, such as this one, depict the black swath of jungle just beyond the waters where Homer and others fished. The legacy of artist Winslow Homer is vast, from depictions of warriors to seascapes. In terms of quality and invention, Homer's achievements as a watercolorist are unparalleled: "Homer had used his singular vision and manner of painting to create a body of work that has not been matched. One hundred years ago today, American painter Winslow Homer died quietly in his studio. [40], Homer frequently visited Key West, Florida between 1888 and 1903. [13] He exhibited paintings of these subjects every year at the National Academy of Design from 1863 to 1866. Homer recognized their potential for profitfor he could produce and sell them quicklybut he also liked the way watercolor allowed him to experiment more easily than oil. His postwar work employs a brighter palette and freer brushwork and shows his interest in the fleeting effects of light and atmosphere. These works celebrate the pleasures and beauty of life in the Adirondacks but also confront the more brutal realities of hunting. The environment of Prouts Neck was suitable for him. Additionally, when Winslow was 19 years old, his father arranged for him to undertake an apprenticeship with a friend and prominent Boston lithographer named John H. Bufford. Acute drug intoxication. I love traveling and exploring new places and I like to share my experience blogging gives me the same opportunity. Homer had almost always set up an emphatic juxtaposition between therole of womenon the shore and that of the men on the sea. Homer composed this painting from sketches he had made while traveling through Virginia. High-income is the only category of income group in which there have been decreasing numbers of deaths from these two diseases. Its striking composition and strong dramatic mood did not match the prevailing aesthetic taste. The wet drapery clinging to the womans solid form and the anonymity of the rescuer, whose face has been obscured by the woman's scarf as wind and waves swirl about them, help to convey the sense of physical and emotional exhaustion and the protagonists brave effort to triumph over natures fury. Henrietta Benson Homer, Homers Mom, was an enthusiastic watercolor artist who taught her artistic son the fundamentals of her craft, forging a lifelong link between them via their shared appreciation of the arts. (courtesy the Metropolitan Museum of Art) Somewhere off Key West, a hurricane-battered sloop drifts, dismasted, in . It was an unusual subject that many found disturbing; critics mistakenly believed that the hunter here was struggling to drown a live deer when in fact, as Homer explained, the deer was already dead. Join Met curators to explore the work of American painter Winslow Homer (1836-1910), whose fascination with conflict permeates his work and reveals his lifel. Art scholars call paintings from this era to depict ordinary workers everyday heroism because of Homers ability to capture the majestic fog-lined coastline while portraying conditions in a dispassionate manner. This stamp was the ninth to be issued in a series entitled "American Treasures". [57] Unlike many artists who were well known for working in only one art medium, Winslow Homer was prominent in a variety of art media, as in the following examples: Song of the Lark, 1876, oil on canvas. October 15, 1995. [52], American illustrator and teacher Howard Pyle revered Homer and encouraged his students to study him. Winslow Homer, Native Hut at Nassau,1885, watercolor, graphite, and gouache on paper, Collection of Mr. and Mrs. Paul Mellon,1994.59.20. [45], By 1900, Homer finally reached financial stability, as his paintings fetched good prices from museums and he began to receive rents from real estate properties. As his fellow artist Eugene Benson wrote, Homer believed that artists "should never look at pictures" but should "stutter in a language of their own."[17]. Although he arrived in France at a time of new fashions in art, Homer's main subject for his paintings was peasant life, showing more of an alignment with the established French Barbizon school and the artist Millet than with newer artists Manet and Courbet. Many of the paintings from the English coast have as subjects working men and women from the area. The National Gallery of Art serves the nation by welcoming all people to explore and experience art, creativity, and our shared humanity. As the women determinedly went about their own business, confronted with theinexorable prospect of separation and loss,the men faced tangible physical peril in their constant battle with the elements. Left: Winslow Homer, Sketch for "Hound and Hunter," 1892, watercolor on paper, Gift of Ruth K. Henschel in memory of her husband, Children Under a Palm Tree was re-discovered on an episode of Antiques Roadshow in 2008, and was formally attributed to Homer on BBC's television series Fake or Fortune? When Homer was thirteen, Charles gave up the hardware store business to seek a fortune in the California gold rush. Although the drawings did not get much attention at the time, they mark Homer's expanding skills from illustrator to painter. The Atlantic [25], As a result of disappointments with women or from some other emotional turmoil, Homer became reclusive in the late 1870s, no longer enjoying urban social life and living instead in Gloucester. A blog from the National Portrait Gallery, Death of Winslow Homer, September 29, 1910. The red flash and billowing gray smoke barely visible at the middle left indicate that a hunter hasjust firedat the pair ofgoldeneye ducks. Although he was as deliberate as the tides and waves he would depict regularly in his later years, Homer entered the American canon almost as serenely as he entered the vocation of art. In the epidemiological framework of the Global Burden of Disease study each death has one specific cause. He died on September 29, 1910, at 74, but the specific . The Legacy of Winslow Homer. [20], Many disagreed with James. Winslow Homer >Winslow Homer (1836-1910), a pioneer in naturalistic painting of the >American scene, was the most versatile American artist of his period, with >the widest range of subjects, styles, and mediums. Homer lived frugally, however, and fortunately his affluent brother Charles provided financial help when needed. His father was an importer of tools and other goods. I have been writing and exploring for years and continue for many more years. Some of his best-known works, A Norther, Key West, The Gulf Stream, Taking on Wet Provisions, and Palms in the Storm, are said to have been produced there. Using watercolor as his principal medium, he recorded the various pursuits offishermenand hunters. HOMER'S AMERICAN ODYSSEY. Winslow Homer (1836-1910) is one of America's best known artists in watercolors. His experiences as an artist-reporter for Harper's Weekly magazine during the American Civil War influenced his painting career. Winslow Homer (February 24, 1836 - September 29, 1910) was an American landscape painter and illustrator, best known for his marine subjects.He is considered one of the foremost painters in 19th-century America and a preeminent figure in American art. Realist artists like Edouard Manet were featured in exhibitions during the time that the young American was in France. He subsequently took up oil painting and produced major . He paints a white former slaveowner encountering an ex-slave family in his 1876 picture A Visit from the Old . Winslow Homer, (born February 24, 1836, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.died September 29, 1910, Prouts Neck, Maine), American painter whose works, particularly those on marine subjects, are among the most powerful and expressive of late 19th-century American art. Abdominal Cancer. is vast, from depictions of warriors to seascapes. While traditional battle pictures usually depicted, in the words of a contemporary, long linesled on by generals in cocked hats, Homer instead shows a solitary figure who, using new rifle technology, is able to fire from a distance and remain unseen by his target. Closed Dec. 25. Winslow Homer Artwork Examples on AskART. [11] In only about a year of self-training, Homer was producing excellent oil work. His painting, Shooting the Rapids, Saguenay River, remains unfinished. Homer playfully signed the blackboard in its lower-right corner as though with chalk. The color effects are boldly and facilely applied. than almost any modern has been able to do." Homer's . Already established as a successful painter, watercolorist, and illustrator, Winslow Homer decided to try his hand at etching during the revival of this medium, creating eight finished plates between 1884 and 1889. Although Winslow Homer avoided any discussion of the meaning of his art, the progression of his creative life attests to the presence of a rigorous, principled mind. This was Homer's largest painting, and it was immediately purchased by the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, his first painting in a major American museum collection. . [5], After Homer's high school graduation, his father saw a newspaper advertisement and arranged for an apprenticeship. Of his work at this time, Henry James wrote: We frankly confess that we detest his subjects he has chosen the least pictorial range of scenery and civilization; he has resolutely treated them as if they were pictorial and, to reward his audacity, he has incontestably succeeded. Updike, John, p. 69, 2005. Winslow Homer, Army Teamsters, 1866, oil on canvas, 45.72 x 72.39 cm (Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, . Some watercolors were made as preparatory sketches for oil paintings (as for "Breezing Up") and some as finished works in themselves. He replaced the turbulent green storm-tossed sea of Prouts Neck with the sparkling blue skies of the Caribbean and the hardy New Englanders with Black natives, further expanding his watercolor technique, subject matter, and palette. In 1875, Homer quit working as a commercial illustrator and vowed to survive on his paintings and watercolors alone.