research examining rebellion and obedience suggests that

ex1. Bruce and Pam have just started dating. d. Pateints are more likely to follow advice given by doctors than advice given by nurses, C. a teacher can exert more control over a large class than a small class, ex3. Experimental results suggest that the G-MMIE algorithm is able to adapt to arbitrary sequences of reaching motions and the gaze-based prior outperforms the uniform prior in terms of intention inference accuracy and average time of inference. B1-B2. Hiroko is usually very agreeable and goes along with his friends' plans. Which of the following is not predicted by social identity theory? c. Participants in the milgram studies would have been even more likely to obey had there been another participant seated at the shock panel with them 72 Conformity, Compliance, and Obedience - Washington State University The research participant first read the list of words to the learner and then began testing him on his learning. d.her attitudes are usually accessible when she reaches for a cigarette, B. You can find out more about our use, change your default settings, and withdraw your consent at any time with effect for the future by visiting Cookies Settings, which can also be found in the footer of the site. Social psychologist Stanley Milgram researched the effect of authority on obedience. In his 1974 book "Obedience to Authority," Milgram posed the question, "Could it be that Eichmann and his million accomplices in the Holocaust were just following orders? b. a. Loafing; better C. To test specific hypotheses derived from a specific theory. c. consolidated within one distant target. Since the line judgment task was unambiguous, participants did not need to rely on the group for information. The selection of teacher and learner status seemed random. Now that you have learned about the Asch line experiments, why do you think the participants conformed? 8. 5. Milgram S.Obedience to Authority: An Experimental View. This best epitomizes which of the following phenomena associated with minority influence? a. b. Self-affirmation group Br J Soc Psychol. Although some of these individuals may have had some doubts about the credibility of the information available to them at the time, in the end, the group arrived at a consensus that Iraq had weapons of mass destruction and represented a significant threat to national security. 1. The professor refuses. Have been observed in more than 450 animal species Eichmanns defense for the atrocities he committed was that he was just following orders. Milgram (1963) wanted to test the validity of this defense, so he designed an experiment and initially recruited 40 men for his experiment. 4. Some of the major ethical issues in the experiment were related to: Due to concerns about the amount of anxiety experienced by many of the participants, everyone was supposedly debriefed at the end of the experiment. a. the rewards gained from the relationship are shared equally between them According to the dual-process approach, Stefan's influence has probably resulted in, At the sales meeting, Leo clasped his hands behind his head and reclined in his chair. Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author and educational consultant focused on helping students learn about psychology. Creative Commons Attribution License The Milgram experiment was a famous and controversial study that explored the effects of authority on obedience. perceiving the group as invulnerable or invinciblebelieving it can do no wrong, self-censorship by group members, such as withholding information to avoid disrupting the group consensus, the quashing of dissenting group members opinions, the shielding of the group leader from dissenting views, perceiving an illusion of unanimity among group members, holding stereotypes or negative attitudes toward the out-group or others with differing viewpoints (Janis, 1972). Perry believes that despite all its ethical issues and the problem of never truly being able to replicate Milgram's procedures, the study has taken on the role of what she calls a "powerful parable.". are licensed under a, Neo-Freudians: Adler, Erikson, Jung, and Horney. 2009;64(1):20-27. doi:10.1037/a0014407, Haslam SA, Reicher SD, Millard K, McDonald R. Happy to have been of service: The Yale archive as a window into the engaged followership of participants in Milgrams obedience experiments. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence. An anticipatory control method is presented that enables robots to proactively perform task actions based on anticipated actions of their human partners, and is implemented into a robot system that monitored its user's gaze, predicted his or her task intent based on observed gaze patterns, and performed anticipatory task actions according to its predictions. This elimination of diverse opinions contributes to faulty decision by the group. d. when people don't conform, they typically tend to ostracize, a. a. race doesnt influence police officers who have been trained to look past a suspect's skin color are not subject to the Creative Commons license and may not be reproduced without the prior and express written View this video of Colin Powell, 10 years after his famous United Nations speech, discussing the information he had at the time that his decisions were based on. This invasion occurred because a small group of advisors and former President George W. Bush were convinced that Iraq represented a significant terrorism threat with a large stockpile of weapons of mass destruction at its disposal. d. facilitation; worse, ex4. a. 10. While many of the subjects became extremely agitated, distraught, and angry at the experimenter, they nevertheless continued to follow orders all the way to the end. & Rochat, F. (1995). Conformity, Compliance, and Obedience - Psychology 2012;10(11):e1001426. In Aschs study, conformity increased with the number of people in the majorityup to seven individuals. Beyond this point, the learner became completely silent and refused to answer any more questions. Failure to conform can lead to ostracism, ex3. These results suggested that people are highly influenced by authority, and highly obedient.More recent investigations cast doubt on some of the implications of Milgram's findings and even the results and procedures themselves. If you are part of a group that has been commanded to carry out immoral actions, find an ally in the group who shares your perceptions and is willing to join you in opposing the objectionable commands. How did the Bush administration arrive at their conclusions? b. being ostracized typically reduces future conformity What factors would increase or decrease someone giving in or conforming to group pressure? What makes someone obey authority to the point of potentially causing serious harm to another person? video of a replication of the Asch experiment, video of Colin Powell, 10 years after his famous United Nations speech, discussing the information he had at the time, https://openstax.org/books/psychology-2e/pages/1-introduction, https://openstax.org/books/psychology-2e/pages/12-4-conformity-compliance-and-obedience, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, Changing your behavior to go along with the group even if you do not agree with the group, Conformity to a group norm to fit in, feel good, and be accepted by the group, Conformity to a group norm prompted by the belief that the group is competent and has the correct information, Changing your behavior to please an authority figure or to avoid aversive consequences, Tendency to prioritize group cohesion over critical thinking that might lead to poor decision making; more likely to occur when there is perceived unanimity among the group, Strengthening of the original group attitude after discussing views within a group, Exertion of less effort by a person working in a group because individual performance cannot be evaluated separately from the group, thus causing performance decline on easy tasks, Group situation in which a person may feel a sense of anonymity and a resulting reduction in accountability and sense of self, Define conformity and types of social influence, Describe Stanley Milgrams experiment and its implications, Define groupthink, social facilitation, and social loafing. d. competitive; individualist, ex4. Don't even start to comply with commands you feel even slightly uneasy about. Teddy has a ______ social value orientation, while jerry has a ___________ social value orientation b. The model derives intention from the combined information about the users gaze pattern and task knowledge. However, Perry's findings revealed that of the 700 or so people who took part in different variations of his studies between 1961 and 1962, very few were truly debriefed. The Asch effect is the influence of the group majority on an individuals judgment. d. Mere awareness of racial stereotypes is enough to influence police behavior, even if the officers do not endorse these stereotypes, D. Mere awareness of racial stereotypes is enough to influence police behavior, even if the officers don't endorse these stereotypes, ex2. 10. Why does groupthink occur? (2017) performed a replication of Burger's work in Poland and controlled for the gender of both participants and learners, and once again, results that were consistent with Milgram's original work were observed. While the truth was revealed to some months or even years later, many were simply never told a thing. ex1. Race can influence the thought processes of police officers, but very rarely their actual behavior The key difference between Gamsons 1982 obedience studies and Milgrams As observed by Asch (1956), the optimal number of confederates, above which conformity did not significantly increase, was. Participants assumed that the experimenter was a competent expert. What if the person believes it is incorrect, or worse, unethical? No. c. physical proximity A more everyday example is a groups discussion of how attractive someone is. 4. c. A teacher can exert more control over a large class than a small class Determine where the graph of the given function is concave upward and concave downward. 6.2 Obedience, Power, and Leadership - Principles of Social Psychology Alex changes his behavior in response to self-presentation concerns and various situations and thus he is exhibiting a high level of, ex1. This work represents each possible future using an anticipatory temporal conditional random field (ATCRF) that models the rich spatial-temporal relations through object affordances and represents each ATCRF as a particle and represents the distribution over the potential futures using a set of particles. Describe procedural and substantive due process. Ten minutes after you've begun a stenuous workout, the person next to you strikes up a conversation, and you immediately feel attracted to him/her. Modigliani, A. That is, how often do you think the group influenced the participant, and the participant gave the wrong answer? 225-251. Temperature on highway shootings c. political attitudes on friendship formation d. Academic performance on self-esteem Click the card to flip Definition 1 / 40 A. Milgram's discovery about the unexpectedly powerful human tendency to obey authorities can be applied to real life in several different ways. Milgram Experiment: Summary, Results, Conclusion, & Ethics Dr. Flinstone, president of Quarry College, needs to convince students that the college must double its tuition beginning in five years. American Psychologist. b. loafing; worse 501-508. Sophia's overestimation is consistent with the research examining rebellion and obedience suggests that. c. facilitation; better Journal of Social Issues, Vol. Estimates of the probability that an event will happen based on teh ease with which instances of the event can be brought to mind reflect the In Aschs studies, the participants complied by giving the wrong answers, but privately did not accept that the obvious wrong answers were correct. College students could work around social loafing or free-riding by suggesting to their professors use of a flocking method to form groups. An aging of the company's accounts receivable on December 31, 2016, and a historical analysis of the percentage of uncollectible accounts in each age category are as follows: AgeIntervalBalancePercentUncollectibleNotpastdue$1,250,0003/4%130dayspastdue500,00033160dayspastdue190,00056190dayspastdue60,0001591180dayspastdue36,00040Over180dayspastdue24,00080$2,060,000\begin{array}{lrc} \end{array} A social psychologist would be least likely to conduct a study examining the effect of a. The researchers made several alterations to Milgram's experiment. d. Develop negative views of one another and behave in a hositle manner, d. Develop negative views of one another and behave in a hostile manner, ex2. Quiz Step by Step 2. Psychology - Social And Applied Psychology Ordinary men: Reserve Police Battalion 101 and the final solution in Poland. Of the 40 participants in the study, 26 delivered the maximum shocks, while 14 stopped before reaching the highest levels. The field of social psychology became interested in the study of obedience during the 1960s and 1970s following the events of World War II. These variations show that when the humanity of the person being shocked was increased, obedience decreased. (credit: Nicole Klauss), People in crowds tend to take cues from others and act accordingly. Sheriff's Robbers Cave experiment suggests that the student's will The "learner" was an actor who only pretended receiving them, but the subject did not know this.) In a 2012 essay published in PLoS Biology, researchers suggested that the degree to which people are willing to obey the questionable orders of an authority figure depends largely on two key factors: While it is clear that people are often far more susceptible to influence, persuasion, and obedience than they would often like to be, they are far from mindless machines just taking orders. Obedience is instead that modification that is manifested carrying out the instructions issued by figures given authority. Interestingly, the opposite of social loafing occurs when the task is complex and difficult (Bond & Titus, 1983; Geen, 1989). c. compliance a. Primacy effects The accurate and robust results obtained have shown the feasibility of the proposed EHMM for human intention learning and inference to improve the intuitive cooperative capability of the robot. Milgram started his experiments in 1961, shortly after the trial of the World War II criminal Adolf Eichmann had begun. Social identity theory When offered a financial incentive, conformity went. A confederate is a person who is aware of the experiment and works for the researcher. Expert testimony that obedience to authority and other social-psychological processes were extenuating circumstances, resulted in 9 of the 13 defendants' being spared the death penalty. rebellion to tyrants is obedience to god latin Mr.Belding wants to reduce prejudice toward incoming minority students at this elementary school. Social loafing \text{Over 180 days past due} & \underline{24,000} & 80 \\ She tested them six times in the span of 27 years and found support for Kohlberg's original conclusion, which we all pass through the stages of moral development in the same order. Bizarre hoaxes on restaurants trigger lawsuits. Evan wasn't quite sure that squirrels were actually endangered, but he agreed to wear the ribbon. 2. 36, pp. What she discovered is that many of his subjects had deduced what Milgram's intent was and knew that the "learner" was merely pretending. 2013;2(2):79-92. 6. PLoS Biol. Another way that being part of a group can affect behavior is exhibited in instances in which deindividuation occurs. In response to a string of incorrect answers from the learners, the participants obediently and repeatedly shocked them.

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