Gelatin hydrolysis transforms the protein to individual amino acids and causes it to liquefy in cold conditions (under 25 °C) when it would otherwise be solid [4]. Rinsing and drying surfaces after use can also prevent the establishment of the bacterium by removing its food source and making the environment less hospitable. [33], Because of its ability to be grown on agar plates into even, well coloured lawns, and the existence of a phage specific to S. marscecens, it has been used to trace water flows in Karst limestone systems. Serratia marcescens was first thought to be harmless (non-pathogenic). "casein." Journal of Bacteriology, Jan.2008 p.648-654. [32] All of the patients involved were receiving total parenteral nutrition at the time, and this is being investigated as a possible source of the outbreak. Hydrolysis of casein is not a common trait and is therefore useful in the differentiation of Serratia marcescens from the 438 strains of Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonadaceae families [12]. However,there was an increase in the number of pneumonia and urinary tract infections [1] reported in the region shortly after the experiment was conducted . Microbiology: An Evolving Science. [13] It is also a rare cause of endocarditis and osteomyelitis (particularly in people who use intravenous drugs recreationally), pneumonia, and meningitis. 1 July 1976 p 123-127. [17], Professor Jim Burritt and his students at the University of Wisconsin-Stout have discovered a new strain of S. marcescens in bee blood (haemolymph) from hives decimated by winterkill. Serratia marcescens has a unique ability to produce extracellular enzymes (28). 19 Nov. 2008. 6 Nov. 2008. . Until the 1950s, S. marcescens was erroneously believed to be a nonpathogenic "saprophyte",[7] and its reddish coloration was used in school experiments to track infections. No. Serratia marcescens is known to associate with and colonize the digestive tract of a broad range of insects, but can be found as a potential or facultative pathogen (Bucher, 1963) with a lethal dose that kills 50% of a test insect population (LD 50) of just a few cells per insect once in the hemocoel (Slatten and Larson, 1967; Podgwaite and Cosenza, 1976; Tan et al., 2006). “Serratia marcescens.” Wikipedia.org. Specifically, SdeXY was the first multidrug efflux pump belonging to the RND (Resistance-Nodulation-Cell Division)family found in S.marcescens. Hejazi, A.,and Falkiner, F. R. “Serratia marcescens” Journal of Medical Microbiology, 1997. 16. Incubate the … J. clin. Serratia marcescens is ubiquitous. The swarmer cells can range in length from 5-30 µm and they are highly flagellated and nonseptated. The lab receives a blood culture from a veterinarian who has been ill for many weeks with fevers in the afternoon and evenings, arthritis, and fatigue. Colourless plaques in the lawns indicate the presence of phage. Serratia marcescens is a gram negative bacterium. 176 Strains ofSerratia marcescens Test TSI* Alkaline/acid Acid/acid Gas production None Small Large Citrate Urea Motility índole Methyl red 37C 22C Voges-Proskauer Phenylalaninedeaminase KCNt DNase Decarboxylase Lysine Arginine Ornithine Fermentation Arabinose Raffinose Rhamnose Malonate Gelatin liquefaction %of Total 94 6 27 36 37 % With Positive Resultt 94 53 … Retrieved from, Bergey's Manuals of Determinative Bacteriology, by John G. Holt, 9th ed. Although Serratia marcescens was classified as a human pathogen in the 1960s, scientist still used it as a bacterial tracer well into the 1970s [10]. A heat-labile enterotoxin was detected in three strains of S. marcescens and one strain of S. rubidaea by the rabbit ligated ileal loop test, the mouse foot pad test, and the Serratia marcescens has the reproducible capability to break down casein producing a clearing on milk agar plates. “Serratia Marcescens Bacteria.” serratia-marcescens.org. The bacteria can produce prodigiosin, a pigment color that ranges from lights pink to dark red. [16], S. marcescens causes cucurbit yellow vine disease, leading to sometimes serious losses in melon fields. Bacteria as Multicellular Organisms. [6][7] Most S. marcescens strains are resistant to several antibiotics because of the presence of R-factors, which are a type of plasmid that carry one or more genes that encode resistance; all are considered intrinsically resistant to ampicillin, macrolides, and first-generation cephalosporins (such as cephalexin). Currently 14 species ofSerratia are recognized within the genus, eight of which are associated with human infection (67). TEST RESULTS. It has been found, however, that polyquaternium-1 (a biocide used commercially in a contact lens disinfecting solution) is active against the cytoplasmic membrane of Serratia marcescens [6]. Antimicrobia Agents And ChemoTheraphy. 2 Dec. 2008. Serratia marcescens was first thought to be … R Krausse, K. Piening, U. Ullman. Bry, Lynn. Upon examining several different species and bacteria strains, Serratia marcescens strain NCTC 10211 revealed striking inhibition zones when inoculated with different Hp strains.The components and/or mechanism involved in inhibition of Hp proliferation are still not well understood. Of the eight species implicated in clinic… Known quantities of phage are injected into a fixed point in the Karst water system and the outflow of interest are monitored by conventional small-volume sampling at fixed time intervals. Citrate (positive test) is used by Serratia marcescens to produce pyruvic acid. In the laboratory, the samples are poured onto grown S. marscecens lawns and incubated. The result of the indole production test was negative, because the added Kovac’s reagent was not colored red. showed negative result on Indole test and consequently brought into lecithinase, lipase production and DNAse positive. The red color of the diaper can be mistaken for hematuria (blood in the urine), which may cause unnecessary investigations by the physicians. Rev Chil Paediatr. S. marcescens results in a negative test. This test demonstrate the ability of certain bacteria to decompose the amino acid tryptophane to indole, which accumulates in the medium. Though they have been developed and used to kill pseudomonas, they have also proven effective against Serratia marcescens [10] and other closely related Gram negative bacteria. 1. Cooksey Robert, Grace Thorne, Edmund Farrar. [26][27] (That the simulant bacteria caused these infections and death has never been conclusively established.) [4] In identifying the organism, one may also perform a methyl red test, which determines if a microorganism performs mixed-acid fermentation. Serratia odorifera 6. Growth On DTC agar. Serratia marcescens is a rare opportunistic bacterium that is categorized in the enterobateriaceae family commonly found in the environment. It is commonly found in the … [21], S. marcescens was discovered in 1819 by Venetian pharmacist Bartolomeo Bizio, as the cause of an episode of blood-red discoloration of polenta in the city of Padua. The Gram stain was started first and left for air dry. 6. The mode of transmission of this microorganism is by either direct contact,or by catheters, droplets, saline irrigation solutions, and other solutions that are believed to be sterile [22]. [7] It is commonly found in the respiratory and urinary tracts of hospitalized adults and in the gastrointestinal systems of children. The former functions with a broad substrate specificity and the latter consists of a membrane fusion proteins (MFP)and two different RND transporters (SdeD and SdeE)[24]. Tryptophan is hydrolyzed by tryptophanase to produce three possible end products – one of which is indole. Serratia ficaria 2. Vol 10. It metabolizes by either respiratory or fermentative processes classifying it as a chemoorganotroph (4). When working properly (unmutated), these proteins reduce the organism's susceptibility to erythromycin, tetracycline, norfloxacin, benzalkonium chloride, ethidium bromide, acriflavine, and rhodamine 6G (reference 4). Due to this, and because S. marcescens produces a reddish-orange tripyrrole pigment called prodigiosin, it may cause staining of the teeth. The red pigment production is not present in all strains but in those that it is present, it can resemble blood [10].
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