weberian model of bureaucracy

This is also known as the bureaucratic theory of management, bureaucratic management theory or the Max Weber theory. Henry says that Weber had personal experience about the miserable situation in administrative system of Germany and he, for that reason, arrived at the conclusion that a strong bureaucracy is the only remedy to that situation. So territoriality and clear administration are, according to Weber, the key elements of modern state. The choice is between bureaucracy and dilettantism in the field of administration. He failed to see that if meritocracy wins in all cases there may arise dissensions in the whole administrative structure of a state. (6) The critics further say that the Weberian model can be characterised as a machine theory and Nicholas Henry is of opinion that Weber’s theory falls in the closed model of organisation. The bureaucracy is governed by strict rules and systematic discipline. All the bureaucrats are bound to obey two things —one is the direction of higher authority and the other is the law. Again, favourable circumstances make a person efficient. He also considered the legal authority as the most rational. Max Weber (1864- 1920), a founder of sociology, a champion of European liberalism and of the German nation-state, contested this view. Weber imagined of an ideal bureaucracy. Weber did not accept any of these ideas of state. In this sense it enjoys stability. Experienced, expert and efficient bureaucrats are always to be rewarded. Mouzelis’s assess­ment of Weberian bureaucracy is to some extent controversial. The political and economic condition of Germany in the first two decades of the twentieth century was precarious and that situation forced Weber to think of a powerful German State. The authoritative, corrupt and unresponsive bureaucracy was made to turn around. I have already pointed out that Weber was not in favour of democracy in its direct form or category. Naturally bureaucracy cannot claim that it will remain outside the present world system. This is admissible. Subsequently the blacks had to fight to achieve their legitimate right. This is a very important aspect of bureaucracy and this can be cited as an influential cause of why it is an ideal type. But he did not pay any attention to bureaucracy that is found in other political spheres. Needless to say that these two are essential elements of policy-making process. Bureaucracy is not just confined to political organizations. The introductory part will have two comments of two noted scholars in this field. But there is no legal basis of this authority. When the state uses coercive power it must prove or establish that it has legitimate authority to do so. Where there was a state there was administration but it was not bureaucracy. Weber divides authority into three types: charismatic, traditional, and legal. The promotion, retirement, again, are fully controlled or determined by law. In several cases, the change of political regimes forces the bureaucrat to change his previous political leanings. If they are to give any explanation they can do it to their higher authority. The picture of bureaucracy depicted by Weber is just like a machine. They are neither correct nor incorrect, only more or less useful investigations.” The mere fact is that Weber’s model is neither correct nor incorrect. Only a well-structured bureaucracy can claim high class efficiency in management. It is a drawback of Weberian theory of bureaucracy. Weber thought that, for any form of government, administration was indispensable and bureaucracy is, again, indispensable for running the admin­istration. The consequences of this type of obedience cannot be the look-out of any bureaucrat. His assessment reveals that a bureaucrat devotes his time and energy to the cause of administration just like a machine or legal agent of state administration. In many backward and tribal areas the type of traditional authority is found. There is traditional authority. In many countries qualified and able women were not allowed to participate in top administration. (10) Blau and Scott in their Formal Organisation: A Comparative Approach, are of opinion that the model of Weber cannot be regarded as ideal. Weber also made a variety of other contributions in economic history, theory, and methodology. In other words, law is all in all. However, this picture is not rare. It is the political aspect of bureaucracy. In some instances that development was not prominent, but there was this type of administration. The real reason is capitalism wanted to use the structure of modern state through a good, efficient and reliable administrative system and the stalwarts of capitalism found that efficient and trained persons could serve this purpose properly. The fact is that modern state system promoted the growth of capitalism. But Nicos P. Mouzelis in his article The Ideal Type of Bureaucracy has given some replies to these criticisms. Weberian Model. But the bureaucratic structures of all countries are not uniform or same. It had nothing to do with the pejorative aspect of bureaucratic administration” This is a commend­able tribute to the Weberian model of bureaucracy. In the second half of last century large number of countries started to nationalise the key or very important industries as a means of rapid industria­lisation. But on the other hand the state bureaucracy is guided by written and specific law and for that reason (there may be other reasons also) the state bureaucracy is rigid. From “World News Tonight” to “The View,” Here’s How to Contact Your Favorite ABC TV Shows. It both administers and rules. Weber’s theory of bureaucracy suffers from certain limitations and some of these are: (1) He assumes that the development of bureaucracy leads to the enhance­ment of power of the persons who are at the upper echelons of bureaucratic structure. Acquisitive Model. For example, every bureaucrat has a pay structure, he has to retire at the attainment of certain age, after retirement he gets pension and other benefits. It is also criticized by hugely:Ideal type of bureaucracy will create conflict in the administrative system. Weber called bureaucracy an ideal type for proper and efficient administration. Although the word bureaucracy has negative associations these days there are a number of advantages to having a bureaucratic structure in an organization. They had to fight to have this right and that was possible because of long struggle led by women’s organisations popularly known as feminism that started in the fifties of the last century. Every bureaucrat is controlled or guided by general rules and departmental rules. The fully developed bureaucratic apparatus compares with the non- mechanical modes of production.” —quoted by Held. Outlines “Weberian” bureacracy in the post‐bureacracy literature, the use and utility of ideal types and the problems of ideal typifications., – The so‐called “Weberian ideal type” which is the standard reference point in bureaucracy versus post‐bureaucracy discussion is only ambiguously related to what Weber himself wrote. Weber could not accept the illiberal thought and actions of several European leaders. In between the two there is a gap and this gap cannot create any vacuum in administration due to bureaucracy. The Weberian Model The classic model of bureaucracy is typically called the ideal Weberian model, and it was developed by Max Weber, an early German sociologist. However, seniority and experience are very important determinants. From history we come to know that this happens. Weber’s model is silent. Let us explain the situation. Marx and Engels talked about the “withering away” of state and Lenin gave a call to “smash” the bourgeois state. Read the material on Weber given in Test 3 in your notes. But David Held offers us an opposite and at the same time real picture. In fact, though Weber’s name is chiefly associated with sociology, Weber and bureaucracy are both inseparable concepts. So it is not always correct to say that the top bureaucrats are all- powerful. In real terms the bureaucracy need not be a part of political department. The ministers for obvious reasons very often take political decisions, but the materials for making such types of decisions are furnished by the bureaucrats. Although Weber observed bureaucratic forms of administration in ancient Egypt, during the later stages of the Roman Empire, in the Roman Catholic Church, and in imperial China, the rise of the modern nation-state was accompanied by a commensurate elevation in the status of its administration, the bureaucratization of the administration, and the indispensability of its permanent officialdom. No other form of authority (charismatic and traditional) is legitimate. a model of bureaucracy developed by Max Weber, who valued bureaucracies as national, hierarchical organizations in which decisions are based on logical reasoning. Posted on December 31, 2011 by Prof. Rao. There are several rational and legal principles that guide or control the bureaucratic administration. The Mark Weber model of bureaucracy believes that rational-legal authorities helped to guide the administrative structure that serves as the base for bureaucracy. Weber has said that the legitimacy is the foundation of modern state and this generally operates through the institution of bureaucracy Explaining the view of Weber, David Held says: “The legitimacy of the modern state is founded predominantly on legal authority that is the commitment to a code of legal regulations”. Parliament enacts laws for the appointment, examination etc. Each model highlights specific traits that help explain the organizational behavior of governing bodie… In a word, they are politically neutral. Some are: (1) In any country where there is bureaucracy (in every state of modern time there is bureaucracy), it is legally constituted. (11) The above two authors have further maintained that it is an admixture of conceptual scheme and a set of hypotheses The two authors continue: “Such conceptual schemes provide important frameworks for analysis and research although they themselves are not subject to empirical testing. An ordinary clerk can manipulate the situation. A policy, we know, finally goes in the name of a minister but the elements essential for a policy are supplied by the bureaucrats. Content Guidelines 2. The bureaucratic structures of all political systems are not similar and can never be similar. He not only formulated his concept theoretically and established the connection of bureaucracy as an administrative organisation with politics and society, but imparted to his technical definition a degree of clarity and sophistication never attained before. The first comment has been made by BB Mishra in his article—Conceptual Development in the West published in Public Administration: A Reader. But the main features still remain. This perception rejects the Weberian ideal-type model of modern bureaucracy as a legal, rational, formal, impersonal, and dehumanised project (Serpa and Ferreira, 2019). Prohibited Content 3. He stressed the similarities between private and public organisations as well as their independent dynamics”. Let us quote him liberally, “The decisive reason for the advance of bureaucratic organisation has always been its purely technical superiority over any other form of organisation. So we find that there is a fine and good relationship between modern state, capitalism, and bureaucracy. Hence, in the opinion of Weber, modern state, territoriality, legitimacy and coercive power-all are within a single bracket. The Weberian model is typically known as the classic model of bureaucracy and was developed by German sociologist Max Weber. Many persons do not approve that this Weberian model is out and out hierarchical. In other words there is-an obligation to obedience only within the sphere of rationally delimited authority which, in terms of the order, has been conferred upon him” The Weberian bureaucracy has treated it not only as rational and legal but also impersonal.

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