how does euthyphro define piety quizlet

The same things are both god-loved/ god-approved and god-hated/ god-disapproved 8a Euthyphro Plato is recognized as one of the greatest philosophers of ancient Greece. Essentialists apply labels to things because they possess certain essential qualities that make them what they are. Socrates returns to Euthyphro's case. A self defeating definition. After five failed attempts to define piety, Euthyphro hurries off and leaves the question unanswered. It is 399 BCE. I strongly believe that, in the concluding section of the dialogue, his intention is to shed light on the characteristics which are essential to a definition of piety. According to Merrian-Webster dictionary, piety is defined as devotion to God. It looks like all Euthyphro has prepared for court is his argument from Greek mythology why it is pious for a son to prosecute his father. 3) Lastly, whilst I would not go as far as agreeing with Rabbas' belief that we ought to read the Euthyphro as Plato's attempt to demonstrate the incoherence of the concept of piety 'as a practical virtue [] that is action-guiding and manifests itself in correct deliberation and action' , I believe, as shown above, that the gap between Socrates and Euthyphro's views is so unbridgeable that the possibility of a conception of piety that is widely-applicable, understood and practical becomes rather unlikely. the holy gets approved (denotes the action that one is at the receiving end of) for the reason that it's holy, AND IT IS NOT THAT 7a Euthyphro by this is saying that the gods receive gratification from humans = the same as saying piety is what (all) the gods love - definition 2 and 3, What does Euthyphro mean when he says that piety is knowledge of exchange between gods and men. a genus (or family): An existing definition that serves as a portion of the new definition; all definitions with the same genus are considered members of that genus. Piety is a virtue which may include religious devotion or spirituality. As Taylor states: 'there is one good product which the [gods] can't produce without human assistance, namely, good human souls. AND ITS NOT THAT because its being led, it gets led 3) "looking after" = knowing how to pray and sacrifice in a way that will please the gods. 1) Firstly, it is impossible to overlook the fact that Euthyphro himself struggles to reach a definition. Euthyphro is a paradigmatic early dialogue of Plato's: it is brief, deals with a question in ethics, consists of a conversation between Socrates and one other person who claims to be an expert in a certain field of ethics, and ends inconclusively. Consider this question, for instance: Are works of art in museums because they are works of art, ordo we call them "works of art" because they are in museums? the 'divinely approved' is 'divinely approved' because it gets approved by the gods - i.e. - knowledge is also required, as evidenced when Euthyphro describes piety as knowledge of how to sacrifice and pray. - justice is required but this must be in the way that Socrates conceived of this, as evidenced by the fact that Euthyphro fails to understand Socrates when he asks him to tell him what part of justice piety is and vice versa. It therefore means that certain acts or deeds could therefore be considered both pious and impious. Then when Socrates applies the logic of causal priority to the definiens: being loved by the gods, summed up as the 'god-beloved', he discovers that the 'holy' and the 'god-beloved' are not the same thing. (14e) However, one could argue that Euthyphro's traditional conception of piety impedes him from understanding the Socratic conception. The concluding section of Socrates' dialogue with Euthyphro offers us clear direction on where to look for a Socratic definition of piety. No resolution is reached by either parties at the end of the dialogue. Piety is what "all" the Gods love and Impiety is what "all" the Gods hate. Essence refers to the Greek concept of : it must reveal the properties which are essential and make something what it is3. (14e) The Euthyphrois typical of Plato's early dialogues: short, concerned with defining an ethical concept, and ending without a definition being agreed upon. Similarly, things aren't pious because the gods view them in a certain way. 15e+16a With the suggestion that the gods 'are not the active cause of [something] being [holy], the traditional divinities lose their explanatory role in the pursuit of piety (or justice, beauty, goodness, etc.)' Or rather, using the theory of 'causal priority' , does one place priority in the essence of the object loved, or the god's love? reverence for God or devout fulfillment of religious obligations: a prayer full of piety. Socrates, therefore, concludes that 'x is being-carried (pheromenon) because x [one carries it/ it gets carried] (pheretai), and it is not the case that [one carries/ it gets carried] x because x is being-carried' Socrates says that he is mistaken and that it is Euthyphro's statements that do so - he likens them to the work of his predecessor Daedalus, who made statues that were so realistic, they were said to run away. b. Therefore Soc argues that one should say where there is shame, there also is fear, since he believes fear has a wider distribution than shame, because shame is a division of fear like odd is of number. *the same for being led, gets led and being seen, gets seen 3) essence He states that the gods love the god-beloved because of the very fact that it is loved by the gods. After Socrates shows how this is so, Euthyphro says in effect, "Oh dear, is that the time? MORALLY INADEQUATE Socrates tells Euthyphro that he is being prosecuted by Meletus from Pitthus. First Definition of piety: "just what I'm doing now."Euthyphro begins to list examples of pious actions, such as charging someone for murder or any other criminal activities Rejected: Socrates doesn't accept lists as an acceptable definition. These are references to tales in Hesiod's Theogony. 3) looking after qua knowledge of how to pray and sacrifice to the gods But Socrates says, even if he were to accept that all the gods think such a killing is unjust and thus divinely disapproved (though they saw that what was 'divinely disapproved' also seemed to be 'divinely approved'), he hasn't learnt much from Euthyphro as to what the holy and the unholy are. - 'where is a just thing, there is also a holy one' or Euthyphro welcomes these questions and explains that piety is doing as he is doing, prosecuting murderers regardless of their relations. It is, Euthyphro says, dear to them. Ironic flattery: 'remarkable, Euthyphro! Universality means a definition must take into account all instances of piety. This comment, resolves former issues since it shifts the authority, by suggesting that the men are the servants and are by no means in a position to benefit the gods by their attentions in the same way as horsemen benefit their horses when they attend to them (13a). 4th definition: Piety is that part of justice concerned with caring for the gods. and 'become accidental to the piety, justice, or goodness of a particular' . Euthyphro: gods receive gratification from humans He then says that if this were the case, he would in fact be cleverer in his craft than Daedalus, his ancestor, since he was capable to move only his own products, not the statements of other people as well as his own. Firstly, it makes the assumption that the gods are rational beings and have a 'rational love' for the holy . A morally adequate definition of piety would explain what property piety has that sets it out from other things; Can we extract a Socratic definition of piety from the Euthyphro? - kennel-master looking after dogs Socrates rejects Euthyphro's action, because it is not a definition of piety, and is only an example of piety, and does not provide the essential characteristic that makes pious actions pious. S = E's wrong-turning Euthyphro tries to do this five times, and each time Socrates argues that the definition is inadequate. On this definition, these things will be both pious and impious, which makes no sense. The three conditions for a Socratic definition are universality, practical applicability, and essence (according to Rabbas). What was Euthyphro's second definition of piety? o 'service to builders' = achieves a house This is what makes them laugh. Some philosophers argue that this is a pretty good answer. Things are pious because the gods love them. Since quarrels and disputes take place over things that are unquantifiable/ abstract, for example: disagreement as to whether something is just or unjust or fine, despicable or good and bad. Choose the letter of the word that is the best synonym, or word with the same meaning, for the first word. DCT thus challenging the Gods' omnipotence, how is justice introduced after the interlude: wandering arguments, Soc: see whether it doesn't seem necessary to you that everything holy is just - 1) if the holy were getting approved because of its being holy, then the 'divinely approved' too would be getting approved because of its being 'divinely approved' Socrates presses Euthyphro to say what benefit the gods perceive from human gifts - warning him that "knowledge of exchange" is a species of commerce. 2) looking after qua service to the gods in the same way as a slave services his master Soc: then is all that is just holy? - Euthyphro '[falls] back into a mere regurgitation of the conventional elements of the traditional conception' , i.e. INFLECTED PASSIVES = HAVE A NOTION OF CAUSALITY, With the help of Socrates' careful grammatical distinctions, his point becomes clear and understood. Intro To Philosophy Midterm- Plato 5 Dialogue, 4 Approaches to Philosophy - Charles Pierce, Final Exam Review Questions - Wireless Networ, John Lund, Paul S. Vickery, P. Scott Corbett, Todd Pfannestiel, Volker Janssen, Byron Almen, Dorothy Payne, Stefan Kostka, Eric Hinderaker, James A. Henretta, Rebecca Edwards, Robert O. Self. - farmers' principal aim/ achievement is food from earth Setting: the porch of King Archon's Court The main struggles to reach a definition take place as a result of both men's different conceptions of religion and morality. Sixth Definition (p. 12): It is also riddled with Socratic irony: Socrates poses as the ignorant student hoping to learn . There is no such thing as piety. Socrates and Euthyphro meet by chance outside the court in Athens where Socrates is about to be tried on charges of corrupting the youth and for impiety (or, more specifically, not believing in the city's gods and introducing false gods). He is known as a profound thinker who came from an aristocratic family. Fifth definition (Piety is an art of sacrifice and prayer - He proposes the notion of piety as a form of knowledge, of how to do exchange: Giving gifts to the gods, and asking favours in return. Socrates on the Definition of Piety: Euthyphro 10A- 11 B S. MARC COHEN PLATO'S Et~rt~reHRo is a clear example of a Socratic definitional dialogue.

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