political organisation of the acholi

Acholi - Minority Rights Group Precolonial trade, both within Acholi and throughout the region, focused mainly on obtaining iron ore and finished iron products in exchange for baskets or products of the farm, herd, or hunt. "Is Alice Lakwena a Witch? Comprising less than 5 percent of the country's population, during the early years of independence the Acholi constituted more than 15 percent of the police force and fully a third of the army. deaths. Arts. In addition there were priest- or priestess-diviners, private practitioners who worked for the well-being of their clients, and witches, who worked in private for evil or destructive purposes. "Some Notes on Acholi Religious Ceremonies." The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". Customary leadership of the Acholi was severely affected by the long conflict in Northern Uganda, when many Acholi people lived in IDP camps for as long as 20 years. a civil resistance movement started forming in the region. Acholi officers now expected Obote to appoint an Acholi to replace Oyite Ojok. Hunting tracts are owned by clans. Atkinson, Ronald R. (1994). While Acholi also lives north of the South Sudaneseborder, the Sudanese Acholi are often excluded from the political meaning of the term "Acholiland". Uganda Journal 7(1): 27-43. Conflict. Corn (maize), sorghum, beans, squash, peanuts (groundnuts), and other savanna crops also are grown. Women also provide major labor in the fields, as well as being responsible for most child rearing and all cooking and other food-preparation tasks. InThe Roots of Ethnicity, Ronald R. Atkinson argues that although colonial rule and its aftermath have played a major role in shaping the particular manifestati. A company limited by guarantee in the UK no. Orientation were able gain wealth by trading mainly in ivory. With the coming of the ivory and slave trades, and the firearms that accompanied them, conflict became more frequent, more deadly, and more widely spread. to the land by Kuturia caused a lot of death in the sub-region of Acholi. (p. 34). limited wealth in the society and redistribution. During the colonial period, political leadership in Acholi was contested among those with traditional leadership qualifications and others who benefited from the new dispensation, including collaborators with the British and those who managed to obtain Western education. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. Historian Mark Curtis says that after Amin instigated a coup, Britain, the United States, and Israel quietly backed Amin and his campaign against the socialist-leaning President Milton Obote in 1971. B. Webster, eds. The results showed that students had, On the one hand, languages are translatable, which can be demonstrated from different perspectives such as the general characteristics of language, the parallel linguistic, The purpose of this study was to examine the language attitudes and language practices of Arabic-speaking families living in the United States. Identification. Arab trading routes coming from the north, trading in goods, but also in slaves. Contemporary versions or amalgams of these practitioners continue to function in Acholi. This article was most recently revised and updated by Amy McKenna. 2.4. In precolonial Acholi, lineage heads and elders were most responsible Organizational politics are informal, unofficial, and sometimes behind-the-scenes efforts to sell ideas, influence an organization, increase power, or achieve other targeted objectives (Brandon & Seldman, 2004; Hochwarter, Witt, & Kacmar, 2000). The cookie is used to store information of how visitors use a website and helps in creating an analytics report of how the website is doing. Encyclopedia of World Cultures. The Anguish of Northern Uganda - Sections 3 - 5 - Uganda Out of these, the cookies that are categorised as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Therefore, its best to use Encyclopedia.com citations as a starting point before checking the style against your school or publications requirements and the most-recent information available at these sites: http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html. second term, Acholi soldiers played key roles in the massive conflict in As a result, many widowed Acholi have been unable to access their land on return to their homes. Acholi form organisation - New Vision Official Although polygyny has often been presented as an ideal, limited means have always made it rare in practice. Girling (1960) notes that as late as 1950 there was still no system of individual land tenure in Acholi; however, such tenure has become increasingly common since independence. Girling, F. K. (1960). Religion of the Central Luo. Uganda journal 27(1): 15-30. Milton Obote, the independence leader, relied heavily on the support of his fellow Luo-speakers Acholi and Langi in government. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. B.A. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. [28], In 2012 the American charity Invisible Children produced a documentary about the LRA. Atkinson, Ronald R. (1989). Colonial chiefs in a stateless society: a case-study from Northern state, political organization of society, or the body politic, or, more narrowly, the institutions of government. These include Christian marriage (with or without bride-wealth), elopement, and single parenthood. Identification. Further he described how this negative experience led to generally negative attitudes towards The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Advertisement". But when Idi Amin overthrew Obotes first spell in power, and when Yoweri Musevini ousted Okello, the Acholi paid heavily for their allegiances. Hansen, Holger B., and Michael Twaddle, eds. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Political Organization. Retrieved February 23, 2023 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/acholi. Congo. administration within the region and the district headquarters were erected in the area of the In the precolonial era, warfare, herding, and hunting were the domain of men. Rwot, 'ruler'). The name "Acholi" is used for peoples living in the former Acholi District of northern Uganda (now divided into the Gulu and Kitgum districts) and the adjoining area of the southern Sudan. ETHNONYM: Karanga (historical) have often limited or prevented serious conflict, especially among Acholi, also spelled Acoli, also called Gang or Shuli, ethnolinguistic group of northern Uganda and South Sudan. The Acholi sub-region is a part of the administrative region of Northern-Uganda. Identification. From early on, girls and boys learn gender-appropriate behaviors and activities, and these are reflected in both their play and their chores and other responsibilities. Political organisation - Wikipedia The Southern Lwoo language group In terms of the afterlife, although spirits of the dead are believed to continue to exist and manifest themselves, there is no belief in a heaven to reward the virtuous or a hell to punish the sinful. The Acholi, a Nilotic Lwo-speaking ethnic group, live predominantly in the central region of northern Uganda, an space collectively named to known as Acholiland. million first language speakers at the time. Hansen, Holger B., and Michael Twaddle, eds. Purifications or atonement practices are still performed by Acholi elders in some communities. (1955). [23] This resulted in resistance building up in the region and soon a host of rebel groups sprang up in the north. . Orientation PUBLISHED: 30/01/2023. "[9], Milton Obote, the first leader after independence, relied on Acholi Luo people and Langi Nilo Hamites or Ateker peoples in government. The PEPFAR Uganda 2023 Science Summit on HIV and TB: Following the He and others have suggested it could help the nation more than adopting the Western system of the International Criminal Court at The Hague (although some charges had already been filed against LRA leaders in 2005 there. This cookie is set by doubleclick.net. LRA, after losing support from the local population, also turned on the people of northern )[9], "Since independence in 1962, Uganda has been plagued by ethnically driven, politically manipulated violence referred to by some as a history of 'cycles of revenge and mistrust'. Acholi have played a pivotal role in the turbulent post-independence era. 1544957. In response, Musevenis government forced 1.4 to 1.9 million civilians into camps where they ostensibly were to be protected by the Ugandan army. "[20] They have continued to work to end the war through negotiation. According to the latest census, there are 1.47 million ethnic Acholi in Uganda, amounting to 4.4 per cent of the total population. But a chief's territory seldom corresponded to any pre-colonial entity, while his wide-ranging executive and judicial powers were a complete novelty. A Study of the Acooli Language: Grammar and Vocabulary. Other uncategorised cookies are those that are being analysed and have not been classified into a category as yet. Politics has been around for millennia. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office. Each type of spirit had numerous ceremonies associated with it; many ceremonies included small offerings of food and drink. The relationship between the Acholi and the British had for a long time been rather loose and The Acholi's harrowing ordeal began under Idi Amin's dictatorship in the seventies. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyse and understand how you use this website. The 1980 population of the Uganda Acholi was approximately 580,000 (Kasozi 1994, ii), up from some 465,000 in 1969 (Langlands 1971), perhaps 125,000 in 1900 and about 100,000 at the end of the eighteenth century (Atkinson 1994, 275-281). This period of increased contact with non-Acholi accelerated the Lineage heads, assisted by lineage elders, organized both production (based on cooperative village-lineage labor) and reproduction (through the control of the material means and ideological rules of marriage). In contrast, the Acholi and other northern ethnic groups supplied much of the national manual labour and came to comprise a majority of the military, creating what some have called a "military ethnocracy". The word 'Acholi' is a misnomer that became adopted for convenience over the years. friendly, but after the inception of the British Protectorate of Uganda in 1894, which included 102-104, Southern Sudan and the Government of the Republic of the South Sudan, State Minister for Foreign Affairs (International Affairs), https://www.peoplegroups.org/explore/GroupDetails.aspx?peid=15068#topmenu, "2014 Uganda Population and Housing Census Main Report", https://www.peoplegroups.org/explore/GroupDetails.aspx?peid=14887#topmenu, James Ojent Latigo, Chapter 4: "Northern Uganda tradition-based practices in the Acholi region, 1. Apart from land, the rights to which were passed on equally to all sons, the eldest son was traditionally the designated heir of the father's property, although he was supposed to provide for the needs of his younger brothers. However, this number is most likely considerably Localized patrilineal lineages, some of which have "brother" lineages of the same or different name in other parts of Acholi, have long been the fundamental social and economic units in Acholi. In search of chiefly authority in 'post-aid' Acholiland The Acholi of Uganda. Medicine. Army membership has also supplied a distinct, if largely negative, socializing influence on many Acholi young men. https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/acholi, "Acholi 1.84 million people, mostly Acholi, lived in 251 different Internal Displaced Person camps. A rebellion in 1911 in response to the British confiscation of Acholi guns was the last large-scale conflict in Acholi until Amin came to power in 1971. In . David Oyite-Ojok | Military Wiki | Fandom groups, the Ugandan army, and Karamojong raiders (who have been active Marriage. Refer to each styles convention regarding the best way to format page numbers and retrieval dates. The essential lawlessness of the Idi Amin and second Milton Obote regimes, however, as well as of the various rebel groups, the Ugandan army, and Karamojong raiders (who have been active in Acholi since the mid-1980s) have led to a breakdown of any meaningful social control in the area. of the nineteenth century, both among Acholi chiefdoms and with The Lord's Resistance Army (LRA) under the leadership of Joseph Kony has waged a war against Yoweri Museveni's government. The full integration of the Acholi into the British colonial complex happened comparatively late. The essential lawlessness of the Idi Amin and The conflict had dramatic effects on the local [6] While Acholi also lives north of the South Sudanese border, the Sudanese Acholi are often excluded from the political meaning of the term "Acholiland". Thanks for using our World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples! The thesis will centre not on the inevitability of the war, but will instead focus on the political processes that preceded it. In East African Childhood: Three Versions, edited by L. K. Fox, 43-75. find its conclusion until the 19th century. The Roots of Ethnicity: The Origins of the Acholi of Uganda - JSTOR Kuturia Housein fired the first gun shot on Acholiland who had never seen and the northern parts remained ignored for a long time. Among other provisions, this legislation specifically amended IRC Section 527 (j) to require the e-filing of Form 8872, Political . supported them at first also regretted their support after seeing the sufferings of Acholi in Political Organization. Recognized compensation and reconciliation procedures seem to University of Bradford eThesis This thesis is hosted in Bradford Scholars - The University of Bradford Open Access repository. Idi Amin (1971-79) the Acholi were severely persecuted and their men systematically executed for their past association with the colonial army and for their support of Pres. In 2005, the new International Criminal Court in The Hague issued arrest warrants for Joseph Kony and other top LRA commanders. He was defeated in January 1986. In addition to these six languages, some authors also classify Labwor (Ladefoged, Spirits of both of these types were generally beneficent. The Lwoo. The relationship between (real) brother and sister is often very close, especially when one acts as the lapidi (nurse-child) to the other, as are the bonds between the children of sisters. 30 Chiefly authority was however not absolute, as power was shared with lineage elders ( ladit kaka) and political authority was mainly vested in Until 1967 Uganda was a quasi-federal polity that included five subregional monarchies, non-monarchical districts, and a central government. This term then Historically, the most important public ceremonies were probably those associated with birth, planting, harvesting, and the killing of a large animal or another human being. Since Ugandan forces pushed the LRA out of Northern Uganda, the majority were able to return to their homes, though without much in the way of government support. Vincent (2012), a Gulu-based Due to a changing economy, after the 1950s, fewer Acholi was recruited to the armed forces but continued to be associated with them in popular mythology and stereotypes.

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